1 vresentation (Her- I)

This is the user facing system in the first tier. This is the layer of agent applications and systems. These applications run on the client device and offer all the user inter-faces. This tier is responsible for presenting the information to the end user. Humans generally use visual and audio means to receive information from machines (with some exceptions like vibrator in mobile phones). Humans also use keyboard (laptop computers, cell phones), pen (tablet PC, palmtops), touch screen (kiosks), or voice (telephone) to feed the data to the system. In the case of the visual, the presentation of information will be through a screen. Therefore, the visual presentation will relate to rendering on a screen. 'Presentation Tier' includes web browsers (like lilozila, lynx, Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator), WA? browsers and customized client programs. A mobile computing agent needs to be context-aware and device-independent. In general, the agent software in the client device is an Internet browser. In some cases, the agent software is an applet running on a browser or a virtual machine (Java Virtual Machine for example). The functions performed by these agent systems can range from relatively simple tasks like accessing some other application through http API, to sophisticated applications like realtime sales and inventory management across multiple vendors. Some of these agents work as a web scraper. In a web scraper, the agent embeds functionality of http browser and functions like an auto-mated web browser. The scraper picks up part of the data from the web page and filters off the remaining data according to some predefined template. These applica-tions can be in Business to Business (B2B) space, Business to Consumer (B2C) space or Business to Employee (B2E) space, or machine to machine (1\4214) space. Applica-tions can range from e-commerce, workflow, supply chain management to legacy applications. There are agent software in the Internet that access the remote service through telnet interface. There are different flavors of telnet agents in use. These are standard telnet for Unix servers; TN3270 for IBM OS/390; TN5250 for IBM AS/400 or VT3K for HP3000. For some applications, we may need an agent with embedded telnet protocol. This will work like an automated telnet agent (virtual terminal) similar to a web scraper. These types of user agents or programs work as M2NI interface or software robots. These kinds of agents are used quite frequently to make legacy applications mobile. Also, such systems are used in telecommunication world as mediation servers within the OSS (Operation and Support Subsystem).